We study the distortions of industrial organization caused by entry regulation. We take advantage of heterogeneity across industries in their natural barriers and growth opportunities to examine whether industries are differentially affected in countries according to entry regulation. First, we consider the effect of entry regulation on the (static) industry structure. We find that regulation has a greater impact in industries with lower natural barriers to entry, both on the number of firms and on the average size of firms. We find that the effect of entry regulation on industry share is not related to differences in natural barriers. Regarding industry dynamics, we find that in countries with high entry regulation, industries respond to growth opportunities through the expansion of existing firms, while in countries with low entry regulation, growth opportunities lead to the creation of new firms; finally, the total sectoral response is invariant to the level of regulation.

This paper studies the effect of financial crises on trade credit in a sample of 890 firms in six emerging economies. We find that although the provision of trade credit increases right after the crisis, it contracts in the following months and years. We observe that firms whose financial position is more vulnerable to crises, are more likely to extend less trade credit to their customers; based on this observation, we argue that the decline in aggregate trade credit ratios is driven by the reduction in the supply of trade credit that follows a bank credit crunch. Our results are consistent with the “redistribution view” of trade credit provision, according to which bank credit is redistributed via trade credit from firms with a stronger financial position to firms with a weaker financial stand.

Este libro explica los conceptos más importantes de las Finanzas para la Pequeña y Mediana Empresa. Combina un enfoque pràctico y coloquial con la necesaria profundidad conceptual; de este modo, los autores logran que el contenido pueda ser entendido por todos los lectores, sin sacrificar el rigor analítico de la materia. La presentación de los distintos conceptos y técnicas es complementada con numerosos ejemplos que ayudan a la comprensión.

As soon as a firm starts operating, and especially once it starts to grow, it needs to come to a decision about how to invest funds, how much cash and inventory to maintain, how much financing to provide to customers, how to obtain the necessary funds, and how much debt to take on and in which terms-all the answers to these questions have serious consequences for a firm's cash flow and profitability. Working Capital Management is a hands-on look at the crucial decision of how to define and finance the operating investments of a business. Starting with an overview of the fundamental framework of corporate finance, the authors set out to define the central, and usually underestimated, role that working capital plays within this structure. They show not only how to prevent the losses that result from mishandling working capital, but also how to fully exploit the strategic potential that intelligent, expert management of working capital allows. The book is the first to emphasize the relevance of the interplay between the investment and finance aspects of working capital, by discussing all of the main components of a firm's operating expenses from both an investment and finance perspective. After focusing on the varying aspects and themes of working capital, such as inventory management, strategic accounting, trade credit, and short-term debt, the authors move on to identify the long-term implications and opportunities raised by this often overlooked aspect of corporate finance.

Un caso sobre gestión de clientes en una empresa enfrentando dificultades financieras en el cual se observa el contraste entre las soluciones propuestas desde una visión comercial y una financiera y la necesidad de buscar una respuesta integradora.

Un caso sobre gestión de clientes en una empresa enfrentando dificultades financieras en el cual se observa el contraste entre las soluciones propuestas desde una visión comercial y una financiera y la necesidad de buscar una respuesta integradora.

Un caso sobre gestión de clientes en una empresa enfrentando dificultades financieras en el cual se observa el contraste entre las soluciones propuestas desde una visión comercial y una financiera y la necesidad de buscar una respuesta integradora.

The paper discusses the problem of valuation in emerging markets. After briefly explaining difficulties faced by investors trying to apply standard valuation techniques in emerging economies, we propose a novel approach that allows for a deeper examination of the so called country risk. The suggested approach is based on the intuition that one can do better by including country risk in the expected cash flows rather than by embedding it into the discount rate. We propose to do so by using simulation models to estimate truly expected cash flows, which can then be discounted using the standard CAPM.

Valuation is at the center of finance theory. A significant amount of corporate decisions involve the valuation of financial and real assets, at the time that large amounts of money are exchanged every day based on value estimations. Even if we feel that we have a good understanding for dealing with this topic in the developed world, it is still difficult to use standard techniques where the corresponding assumptions fail to apply. Several peculiarities of emerging markets (henceforth, referred to as EMKs) influence valuation methodologies: EMKs differ from developed ones in terms of transparency, liquidity, governance, transaction costs and volatility, just to mention a few examples. For these and some other reasons, one cannot directly export valuation techniques that have been found to work somewhat properly in the developed world, and apply them face value to EMKs.

Armado del flujo de fondos, ajuste de criterios contables.

Métodos y criterios para la evaluación de proyectos de inversión.